The Function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-b in the Heart
نویسنده
چکیده
.................................................................................................................. 8 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................................ 9 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 1. The cardiovascular system ............................................................................................... 9 1.1. Development of the blood vascular system ............................................................... 10 1.2. Development of the coronary vasculature ................................................................. 10 1.3. New insights into ischemic heart disease .................................................................. 11 1.4. Arteriogenesis ............................................................................................................ 11 2. Regulators of myocardial growth, angiogenesis and metabolism .............................. 12 3. The vascular endothelial growth factor family ............................................................ 14 3.1. VEGF ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2. VEGF-B ..................................................................................................................... 15 3.3. PlGF ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.4. VEGFR-1 ................................................................................................................... 19 3.5. VEGFR-2 ................................................................................................................... 20 3.6. VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 ............................................................................ 20 3.7. Neuropilins ................................................................................................................ 21 AIMS OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................. 22 MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................................................... 23 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................. 28 1. A novel role for VEGF-B in cardiac hypertrophy and lipid metabolism (I) ............. 28 2. VEGF-B as a novel growth factor for coronary arteries (II) ...................................... 29 3. VEGF-B protects the heart from myocardial ischemia and alters cardiac energy metabolism (III) .................................................................................................................. 30 CONCLUDING REMARKS ..................................................................................... 33 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 35 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 37
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